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Gary Milhollin is the founder of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control,〔"(Wisconsin Project Staff )," Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.〕 a non-profit organization dedicated to stemming the spread of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. He served as executive director of the Wisconsin Project for twenty-five years. Milhollin and the Wisconsin Project are best known for digging up the details of dangerous nuclear deals and publishing them in the media. Their purpose has been to discourage such deals through public embarrassment. ==Career== Milhollin’s work has been covered by a number of media profiles. He has been characterized as an “arms trade sleuth,”〔Eduardo Lachica, ”(Activist Chips Away U.S. Support for Liberal Trade, )” Asian Wall Street Journal March 17, 1999.〕 a “nuke tracker,”〔Eleanor Clift, "(Monitoring the Nuke-Mart )," On Wisconsin, November–December 1990.〕 a “self-appointed watchdog,”〔 a “crusader,”〔Ed Foster-Simeon, “(The Case of Missing Heavy Water ),” Washington Times, June 16, 1988, p. E1.〕 and a “private citizen turned private eye.”〔 He has also been criticized for taking a “blunt instrument approach”〔Ruth Conniff, “(Proliferation Tango ),” The Progressive, April, 1998.〕 and for holding “hawkish views on U.S. foreign policy.”〔 One of Milhollin’s earliest achievements came in 1986, when he revealed that Norway, because of a secret export of heavy water to Israel, had the right to inspect Israel’s Dimona reactor, where the heavy water had been used to produce plutonium, a nuclear weapon fuel. Milhollin’s study on this secret export, together with his op-eds in the Norwegian and American press, forced Israel to return half of the heavy water to Norway and brought Norway to abandon its nuclear export business.〔Gary Milhollin, “(Israel’s Reactor in Full Swing – With Norwegian Heavy Water ),” Aftenposten, July 6, 1989, p. 5.〕〔“(Israel’s A-Bombs and Norway’s Heavy Water: The Steps to Revelation )," Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, April 1990.〕 In the 1990s Milhollin and the Wisconsin Project continued to advocate for stronger controls on dangerous exports. In July 1990, Milhollin and the Project revealed in ''The Washington Post'' that the Western countries were dropping export controls on items that Iraq was using to build nuclear weapons and missiles.〔Gary Milhollin, “(Attention, Nuke-Mart Shoppers! )” Washington Post, July 22, 1990, p. C2.〕 The revelations triggered steps by the United States and its allies to recontrol many of the items.〔“(Achievements ),” Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.〕 Similar revelations continued throughout the 1990s. In 1995, an article in ''The New York Times'' revealed that China was the source of poison gas ingredients being smuggled to Iran and that the United States planned to free for export supercomputers that the Pentagon was using to develop the next generation of American weapons.〔Gary Milhollin and Meg Dennison, “(China’s Cynical Calculation ),” ''New York Times'', April 24, 1995, p. A17.〕 In 1996, another article in ''The New York Times''〔Gary Milhollin, “(Exporting an Arms Race ),” ''New York Times'', February 20, 1996, p. A19.〕 warned that the United States was about to allow the export of American supercomputers that Russia would use to design nuclear warheads—a media revelation that blocked the sale. In 1997, Milhollin published the fact that a Russian nuclear weapon laboratory had managed to import American supercomputers without the required export license〔Gary Milhollin, “(Rein In Technology Exports ),” ''Los Angeles Times'', February 26, 1997, p. A11.〕 which led Congress to strengthen controls on supercomputer exports. And in 1998, after India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons in May of that year, the U.S. government used data that Milhollin and the Project had compiled to sanction 63 organizations linked to those countries’ nuclear and missile programs.〔Gary Milhollin, “(Made in America? )” ''Washington Post'', June 7, 1998, p. C1.〕〔Gary Milhollin, “(Stop Exporting Nuclear Technology ),” ''Los Angeles Times'', October 14, 1998, p. B7.〕〔Gary Milhollin, “(Helping Others Build the Bomb ),” ''Washington Post'', December 14, 1998, p. A23.〕 In 2000, Milhollin and the Wisconsin Project launched a program to improve export controls in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. With sponsorship from the Departments of State and Defense, Milhollin and the Wisconsin Project have given export control training to several hundred officials from some 30 countries.〔〔(House Armed Services Committee Approves Fiscal Year 2005 Defense Authorization Bill ), U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services. May 13, 2004.〕 In 2006, when a company from Dubai sought permission to manage an American port, Milhollin gave Congress information showing that Dubai and other ports in the United Arab Emirates had long been transshipment points for the nuclear black market〔(Testimony of Gary Milhollin Before the House Committee on International Relations ), March 8, 2006.〕 The information helped block the company’s application. In 2007, Milhollin and the Project supplied information to the United Nations, the United States and the European Union that led to a freeze on the assets of several Iranian organizations linked to nuclear and missile work.〔Steven Weisman, "(Lack of ID Data Impedes U.N. Sanctions Against Iran ),” New York Times, September 17, 2007.〕〔Valerie Lincy, “(U.S. Failure to Follow Through on Iran Sanctions is Baffling ),” World Politics Review, May 31, 2007.〕 In 2009, Milhollin helped the New York County District Attorney’s Office investigate Chinese shipments of nuclear and missile items to Iran. He testified before a grand jury in New York City that later indicted the Chinese company that made the sales.〔"(Chinese Exports to Iran )," Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, April 7, 2009.〕〔"(Press Release: Indictment of a Chinese citizen and his company )," New York County District Attorney's Office, News Release, April 7, 2009.〕〔"(Indictment of Li Fang Wei and LIMMT Economic and Trade Company )," Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, April 7, 2009.〕 His most recent publications were in 2013, when he supplied two commentaries to Bloomberg View. In one he warned against making a half-deal with Iran that could produce the same result as in North Korea,〔”Gary Milhollin, (North Korea Shows Dangers of Half-Deal With Iran ),” Bloomberg View, February 24, 2013.〕 and in the other he argued that Iran was playing a long nuclear game that the United States was not successfully countering.〔”Gary Milhollin, (How U.S. Can Break Up Iran’s Long Nuclear Game ),” Bloomberg View, May 13, 2013.〕 The Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, which Milhollin founded in 1986, publishes the Iran Watch web site,〔"(About Us )," Iran Watch.〕 an online clearinghouse for articles and analysis about Iran’s nuclear and missile programs. It also publishes the Risk Report,〔(The Risk Report ), The Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.〕 a subscription database that governments and private companies use to screen business transactions and verify the legitimacy of foreign buyers. Previously, the Wisconsin Project published Iraq Watch, a web site that tracked Saddam Hussein’s nuclear, chemical and missile programs.〔"(About Us )," Iraq Watch.〕 ;Teaching Career Milhollin served on the law faculty at the University of Wisconsin from 1976 to 1998, where he now holds the title of Emeritus Professor.〔"(Profile of Gary Milhollin )," Faculty and Staff, University of Wisconsin Law School.〕 He has written articles for publications such as ''The New York Times'', ''Wall Street Journal'', ''Washington Post'', ''The New Yorker'', ''Foreign Policy'', and ''Commentary'',〔(Wisconsin Project Publications: Articles and Commentary )〕 has testified frequently before Congressional committees,〔(Wisconsin Project Publications: Testimony, Reports, and Speeches ).〕 and has been quoted widely in the international press. His articles and testimony are concerned with topics such as the control of dangerous exports, U.S. policy toward Iran, and Chinese weapon transfers. A list of his publications and testimony can be found on the Wisconsin Project website.〔(Wisconsin Project Publications ).〕 While in his teaching position, Milhollin gave courses on nuclear arms proliferation at the University of Wisconsin and as a visiting professor at Princeton University. For over a decade he was also an Administrative Judge, part-time, at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, where he presided over hearings following the accident at Three Mile Island. Before entering teaching, he practiced international corporate law in New York and Paris. Milhollin was born in Indiana, where he received a degree in mechanical engineering from Purdue University. He received his J.D. from Georgetown University in 1965.〔(Law School Faculty ), Prospective Students Viewbook, University of Wisconsin Law School.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gary Milhollin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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